{"id":257,"date":"2020-04-13T11:18:52","date_gmt":"2020-04-13T11:18:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/saskagroforest.madlabsk.ca\/index.php\/about-2\/"},"modified":"2021-03-11T03:00:31","modified_gmt":"2021-03-11T03:00:31","slug":"about-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/index.php\/about-2\/","title":{"rendered":"History of Prairie Agroforestry"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"257\" class=\"elementor elementor-257\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5131a13e elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"5131a13e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1053ca7a\" data-id=\"1053ca7a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d99e122 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3d99e122\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xl\">A Historical Perspective on Agroforestry and Afforestation on the Canadian Prairies<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-40177ae0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"40177ae0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-48096891\" data-id=\"48096891\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e56ab06 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e56ab06\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The completion of the trans-continental railway in Canada in 1885 and the homestead provisions in Canada&#8217;s Dominion Lands Act stimulated the sod breaking across the Prairies by farmer\/settlers more than a century ago. The government felt that it was essential to plant trees in the prairies in order to encourage agriculture settlement. Large scale prairie forestry was promoted between 1870-1886 to offset a perceived deforestation problem in eastern Canada, improve environmental conditions (i.e. more rain, less wind) for agriculture and to provide fuel and building materials to attract settlers.<\/p><p>In 1886 the House of Commons passed <em>The Experimental Farm Station Ac<\/em>t to create farms or nursery stations to grow tree stock for planting and to conduct research in planting trees for timber and shelter; the Department of the Interior joined the planting endeavor in 1901&#8242;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd2af5e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-gallery\" data-id=\"cd2af5e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-gallery\">\n\t\t\t<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-257 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-medium_large'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"cd2af5e\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"history_01 (1)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjM2NywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3Nhc2thZ3JvZm9yZXN0cnkuY2FcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjFcLzAxXC9oaXN0b3J5XzAxLTEtMi5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJjZDJhZjVlIn0%3D\" href='https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/history_01-1-2.jpg'><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"345\" src=\"https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/history_01-1-2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-2367\" srcset=\"https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/history_01-1-2.jpg 500w, https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/history_01-1-2-300x207.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-2367'>\n\t\t\t\tForest Nursery Station in Indian Head, Sask. 1905\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"cd2af5e\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"history_02 (1)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjM2OCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3Nhc2thZ3JvZm9yZXN0cnkuY2FcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjFcLzAxXC9oaXN0b3J5XzAyLTEtMi5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJjZDJhZjVlIn0%3D\" href='https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/history_02-1-2.jpg'><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"303\" src=\"https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/history_02-1-2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-2368\" srcset=\"https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/history_02-1-2.jpg 500w, https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/history_02-1-2-300x182.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-2368'>\n\t\t\t\tForest Nursery Station in Indian Head, Sask. 1910\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-eaf6927 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"eaf6927\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9595e21\" data-id=\"9595e21\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d36005f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d36005f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In 1904, George Lang, who was nursery manager at the Experimental Farm at Indian Head, Saskatchewan, challenged these new farmers about the idea of planting trees for shelterbelts and using tree plantations as a source of wood for shelter, fencing, fuel and other purposes. The tree species from the nursery that could be planted ranged from cottonwood and maple to pine, spruce and larch, and some grew to 30 feet in 12 years. To think that an acre of 1820 trees cost $14.50 for planting and maintenance and that one could possibly make $197 by selling them off as fence posts after 12 years of growth!<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc8fc10 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-gallery\" data-id=\"dc8fc10\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-gallery\">\n\t\t\t<div id='gallery-2' class='gallery galleryid-257 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-medium_large'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"dc8fc10\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"history_03 (1)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjM2OSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3Nhc2thZ3JvZm9yZXN0cnkuY2FcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjFcLzAxXC9oaXN0b3J5XzAzLTEtMi5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJkYzhmYzEwIn0%3D\" href='https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/history_03-1-2.jpg'><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"307\" src=\"https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/history_03-1-2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-2369\" srcset=\"https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/history_03-1-2.jpg 500w, https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/history_03-1-2-300x184.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-2369'>\n\t\t\t\tPlanting tree stock at the Forest Nursery Station at Indian Head, Sask. ca. 1908\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"dc8fc10\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"history_04 (1)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjM3MCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3Nhc2thZ3JvZm9yZXN0cnkuY2FcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjFcLzAxXC9oaXN0b3J5XzA0LTEtMi5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJkYzhmYzEwIn0%3D\" href='https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/history_04-1-2.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"345\" src=\"https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/history_04-1-2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-2370\" srcset=\"https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/history_04-1-2.jpg 500w, https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/history_04-1-2-300x207.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-2370'>\n\t\t\t\tFour-year old poplar at the Indian Head Forest Nursery Station.\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-44e773c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"44e773c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd586c5\" data-id=\"fd586c5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-91a02a4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"91a02a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>What has transpired in the last 100 years in terms of planting trees on the Prairies since George Lang gave his talk? The Experimental Farm in Indian Head, now known as the Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Association (PFRA) Shelterbelt Centre, has been producing trees since 1901 (58,800 that year) and currently produces five million trees annually that are distributed across the Prairies. In 2002, they surpassed a cumulative total of 100 million trees. Where have all these trees gone and what was the outcome of George Lang&#8217;s vision for trees? One aspect of George&#8217;s speech that has been carried on to this day is the establishment of shelterbelts. There are thousands of kilometres of shelterbelts on the Prairies, and the PFRA in 2001 set a goal of planting 8,000 kilometres of shelterbelts by 2006 to help reduce greenhouse gases as part of their Shelterbelt Enhancement Program (SEP). The SEP has also expanded to planting trees for the purpose of riparian buffer strips or planting mixed species in one-hectare blocks or \ufffd mile strips for wildlife habitat.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aea14cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-gallery\" data-id=\"aea14cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-gallery\">\n\t\t\t<div id='gallery-3' class='gallery galleryid-257 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-medium_large'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"aea14cb\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"history_05 (1)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjM3MSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3Nhc2thZ3JvZm9yZXN0cnkuY2FcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjFcLzAxXC9oaXN0b3J5XzA1LTEtMi5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJhZWExNGNiIn0%3D\" href='https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/history_05-1-2.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"377\" height=\"235\" src=\"https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/history_05-1-2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-3-2371\" srcset=\"https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/history_05-1-2.jpg 377w, https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/history_05-1-2-300x187.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 377px) 100vw, 377px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-3-2371'>\n\t\t\t\tA farm plantation with a shelterbelt in 1909\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"aea14cb\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"history_06 (1)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjM3MiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3Nhc2thZ3JvZm9yZXN0cnkuY2FcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjFcLzAxXC9oaXN0b3J5XzA2LTEtMi5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJhZWExNGNiIn0%3D\" href='https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/history_06-1-2.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"283\" src=\"https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/history_06-1-2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-3-2372\" srcset=\"https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/history_06-1-2.jpg 500w, https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/history_06-1-2-300x170.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-3-2372'>\n\t\t\t\tPlanting 4-year old jack pine at the Indian Head Forest Nursery Station ca. 1908\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e6d919f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e6d919f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-de98195\" data-id=\"de98195\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a541bbd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a541bbd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>But what has happened to the tree plantations?<br \/><br \/>During the last 100 years, tree plantations as a source for wood have not really taken off and flourished on the Prairies, as did the shelterbelts. There are some plantations of various species scattered across the prairies either at old nurseries or provincial and municipal parks, but the concept of establishing tree plantations never received the momentum that shelterbelts did. There may be several reasons for the lack of adopting plantations in the early 1900s: farmers were more concerned about removing trees from the landscape to farm crops; and a lack of information regarding plantation establishment and maintenance or a reduced demand for these plantation trees when a large expansive forest existed to the north.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5245cc7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5245cc7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-71da46c\" data-id=\"71da46c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ce3b13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3ce3b13\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"289\" src=\"https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/history_07-1-1-1-1-1-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1041\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/history_07-1-1-1-1-1-1.jpg 500w, https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/history_07-1-1-1-1-1-1-300x173.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Russian poplar test plantation at the Indian Head Forest Nursery Station<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3547dbd\" data-id=\"3547dbd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-baefc44 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"baefc44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" src=\"https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/history_08-1-1-1-1-1-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1042\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/history_08-1-1-1-1-1-1.jpg 500w, https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/history_08-1-1-1-1-1-1-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93ed018 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"93ed018\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"362\" height=\"215\" src=\"https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/history_09-1-1-1-1-1-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1043\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/history_09-1-1-1-1-1-1.jpg 362w, https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/history_09-1-1-1-1-1-1-300x178.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 362px) 100vw, 362px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Ten year old Scotch pine plantation in Spruce Woods Forest Reserve, MB in 1916 (top) and three years later in 1919 (bottom)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-28af1b6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"28af1b6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2baf067\" data-id=\"2baf067\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ab0425 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2ab0425\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"288\" height=\"378\" src=\"https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/history_10-1-1-1-1-1-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1044\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/history_10-1-1-1-1-1-1.jpg 288w, https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/history_10-1-1-1-1-1-1-229x300.jpg 229w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 288px) 100vw, 288px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-82aa570\" data-id=\"82aa570\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1e6d89 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e1e6d89\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"288\" height=\"378\" src=\"https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/history_11-1-1-1-1-1-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1045\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/history_11-1-1-1-1-1-1.jpg 288w, https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/history_11-1-1-1-1-1-1-229x300.jpg 229w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 288px) 100vw, 288px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f6edf70 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f6edf70\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d78e3ec\" data-id=\"d78e3ec\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b11ba72 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b11ba72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thirteen year old Manitoba maple (left) and two year old growth of willow (right) from cuttings at the Brandon Experimental Farm (1910)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1df75de elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1df75de\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fee20e3\" data-id=\"fee20e3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4235e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a4235e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Today, however, there seems to be a renewed interest in the development of tree plantations on the prairie landscape.&nbsp;<\/p><p>What has caused this renewed interest in tree plantations?&nbsp;<\/p><p>What is needed to keep it going and what have we learned so far?&nbsp;<\/p><p>There are several factors as to why tree plantations are gaining interest from governments, the forest industry and farmers. One of those drivers is the potential interest in using tree plantations for a carbon sink (storing carbon in the trees and soils) as one strategy to help reduce global warming. Increasing fuel costs have again led to an interest in using short rotation woody crops as biomass for energy. Another is the move by government agencies to help diversify farm incomes by incorporating trees in the farming system, as well as the added benefits to the environment in terms of riparian management, wildlife and habitat. Lastly, some forest companies are interested in obtaining wood from areas other than the natural forests due to potential wood supply concerns, the pressure from environmental groups and large chain retailers to not cut old growth or intact areas, and the ability to harvest wood closer to their processing facilities, reducing costs.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9b456d5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9b456d5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6ba8b55\" data-id=\"6ba8b55\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af47bab elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"af47bab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/history_12-1-1-1-1-1-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1046\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/history_12-1-1-1-1-1-1.jpg 500w, https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/history_12-1-1-1-1-1-1-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Field day at the hybrid poplar plantations near Meadow Lake, SK. Aug. 25, 2004.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A Historical Perspective on Agroforestry and Afforestation on the Canadian Prairies The completion of the trans-continental railway in Canada in 1885 and the homestead provisions in Canada&#8217;s Dominion Lands Act stimulated the sod breaking across the Prairies by farmer\/settlers more than a century ago. The government felt that it was essential to plant trees in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"enabled","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-257","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/257","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=257"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/257\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2975,"href":"https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/257\/revisions\/2975"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/saskagroforestry.ca\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=257"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}